To examine environmental pollution by economic growth and their impact in an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) among developed and developing countries.
作者： YuSheng Kong , Rabnawaz Khan
DOI: 10.1101/492348
关键词:
摘要: This study analyzes the core energy consumption among countries specific variables by Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC), for a panel data of 29 (14 developed and 15 developing) during period 1977-2014. By assessing Generalized Method Moments (GMM) regressions with first generation test such as common root, individual Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), root-Fisher-PP have been computed individually, results confirm EKC in case emissions solid, liquid, gases, manufacturing industries also construction. Hence, we cointegration Pedroni Kao from Engle-Granger based Fisher. Onward, since variable are co-integrated, vector error correction model is estimated GDP per capita, emission industries, arms import, commercial service export coal rent, order to perform Pairwise Granger Causality indicate Vector Error Correction (VEC), co-integration restrictions. Moreover, statistical finding VEC short-run unidirectional causality capita growth coat well causal link export. Additionally, there occurred no economic growth, arm import rent.
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