Malignant conditions including squamous cell carcinoma and rare cancers
作者： Sarah W. Grahn , Mary R. Kwaan , Robert D. Madoff
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84882-091-3_7
关键词:
摘要: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus, an increasingly prevalent malignancy, can be cured with chemotherapy and radiation alone in 50–70 % cases. Nonoperative therapy avoids a permanent colostomy, but up to 20 all patients SCC anus require abdominoperineal resection (APR) stoma. The likelihood cure is higher for smaller tumours (<5 cm) compared larger deeply invasive tumours. Anal cancer recurrence most commonly local; distant metastases affect only 10–15 patients. Recent innovations have included improved imaging techniques such as endoanal ultrasound, magnetic resonance (MRI) fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) pretreatment clinical staging well posttreatment follow-up. Intensity-modulated (IMRT) also emerging more precise modality targeting therapy, reported decreased rates toxicity. Prospective data on this technique still pending. Patients persistent or recurrent after chemoradiation are candidates salvage APR, major that may involve en bloc contiguous organs (vagina, bladder, prostate).
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