摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the problems in determination of manganese biological material. In most animal species, deficiency results skeletal abnormalities, poor posture, and impaired reproduction. Symptoms include a decrease plasma cholesterol; slowed growth hair nails; reddening beard scaly dermatitis. The importance contamination-free sample collection procedures reliable eliminating potentially misleading data is illustrated. Manganese present body fluids tissues at very low concentrations. small concentration high matrix spectral chemical interferences becoming more significant, usually leading to positive errors. With these levels, only sensitive analytical techniques are suitable. Two used are—namely, Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) after radiochemical separation Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS). other inductively-coupled atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) mass (ICP-MS). Preconcentration using poly (dithiocarbamate) resin applied urine.