Native Birds Exploit Leaf-Mining Moth Larvae Using a New North American Host, Non-Native Lonicera maackii

摘要: I document observations of birds feeding on the larvae leaf-mining moth Phyllonorycter emberizaepenella (Gracillariidae) in Michigan, USA. The were Amur honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae), a non-native plant that has not been documented as host for any species Gracillariidae North America, and which few records use by invertebrate herbivores anywhere its range. Most bird chickadees (Paridae), have previously recorded insects. Observations also include three warblers (Parulidae) one kinglet (Regulidae), represent first documentation these families larvae. describe this novel multitrophic interaction between plant, native insect, vertebrate predators, discuss potential spread food source birds, ecological implications.