What Aspect of Dependence Does the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence Measure

摘要: Although the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) are widely used, there is a uncertainty regarding what measured by these scales. We examined associations between instruments items assessing different aspects dependence. Adult current smokers (n = 422, mean age 33.3 years, 61.9% female) completed web-based survey comprised related to demographics smoking behavior plus (1) FTND HSI; (2) Autonomy over Tobacco Scale (AUTOS) with subscales measuring Withdrawal, Psychological Dependence, Cue-Induced Cravings; (3) 6 questions tapping smokers' wanting, craving, or needing experiences in response withdrawal latency each experience during abstinence; (4) 3 concerning how prepare cope periods abstinence. In regression analyses Withdrawal subscale AUTOS was strongest predictor HSI scores, followed taking precautions not run out cigarettes extra The its six items, including HSI, consistently showed correlations withdrawal, suggesting that behaviors described primarily indicative difficulty maintaining abstinence because symptoms.