From "strategic" tungsten to "green" neodymium: a century of critical metals at a glance

摘要: Abstract The relative criticality of mineral commodities is evaluated using a wide range parameters and in different contexts (e.g., from the standpoint their importance to national security, or specific industrial application), which explains multiplicity classification schemes variations terminology applied these literature, media government reports. core group critical metals, listed alphabetically, includes: antimony, beryllium, chromium, cobalt, gallium, germanium, indium, lithium, niobium, platinoids, rare-earth elements (REE, including yttrium), tantalum tungsten. present retrospect briefly describes emergence metals as distinct resource type evolution society's perception over past 100 years.