Biology and larval feeding impact of Hypena opulenta (Christoph) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A potential biological control agent for Vincetoxicum nigrum and V. rossicum

摘要: Abstract A classical biological control program has been initiated against the invasive European swallow-worts Vincetoxicum nigrum and rossicum in North America. The noctuid moth Hypena opulenta , discovered feeding on V. forests of southeastern Ukraine, is currently under evaluation as a potential agent. In this study life cycle H. factors affecting diapause induction were evaluated. Additionally, larval impact spp. performance was tested to determine whether future screening worthwhile. Adults begin oviposition 2 days after emergence produce approximately 600 eggs. Larvae develop through five instars overwinter pupae. Pupal facultative, resulting at least two generations per year. Diapause affected by photoperiod seasonal changes plant quality evidenced increasing when larvae are grown short day senescing plants fall. Feeding caused reductions aboveground biomass decreased reproductive output (flower, seedpod, seed production). Only flower production negatively feeding. results indicate that promising agent forested populations warrants completion host specificity testing examination population dynamics . This practice conducting assessments herbivores apparent specialist feeders prior full battery tests should improve selection reducing costs associated with ineffective agents.