U.S. Department of Energy Critical Materials Strategy

摘要: This report examines the role of rare earth metals and other materials in clean energy economy. It was prepared by U.S. Department Energy (DOE) based on data collected research performed during 2010. Its main conclusions include: (a) Several technologies -- including wind turbines, electric vehicles, photovoltaic cells fluorescent lighting use at risk supply disruptions short term. Those risks will generally decrease medium long (b) Clean currently constitute about 20 percent global consumption critical materials. As are deployed more widely decades ahead, their share likely grow. (c) Of analyzed, five (dysprosium, neodymium, terbium, europium yttrium), as well indium, assessed most For this purpose, 'criticality' is a measure that combines importance to economy disruption. (d) Sound policies strategic investments can reduce disruptions, especially (e) Data with respect many issues considered sparse. In report, DOE describes plans (i) develop its first integrated agenda addressing materials, building three technical workshops convened November December 2010; (ii) strengthen capacity for information-gathering topic; (iii) work closely international partners, Japan Europe, vulnerability address material needs. stakeholders interagency colleagues, Congress public shape policy tools United States' capabilities. also announces plan an updated strategy, upon additional events information, end 2011.DOE's strategy rests pillars. First, diversified chains essential. To manage risk, multiple sources required. means taking steps facilitate extraction, processing manufacturing here States, encouraging nations expedite alternative supplies. all cases, extraction should be done environmentally sound manner. Second, substitutes must developed. Research leading technology improve flexibility help meet needs Third, recycling, reuse efficient could significantly lower world demand newly extracted into recycling processes coupled well-designed make economically viable over time.The scope limited. does not entire economy, sector or even technologies. Time resource limitations precluded comprehensive scope. Among topics merit catalytic converters petroleum refining. These discussed briefly Chapter 2.