Chronic kidney disease and life course socioeconomic status: A review

摘要: Socioeconomic status (SES) may modify the effect of well-established risk factors on development kidney disease. Yet, recently, a paradigm shift has occurred with an emphasis direct SES This article covers role play in initiating and promoting chronic disease (CKD) United States, life-course SES. The literature is discussed. Life-course social epidemiology approaches are described. Salient markers that associated both early life include diet, birth weight, infant mortality. Risk individual later diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol, drug use, occupational environmental exposures, infection, access to health care. An argument made for incorporating area-level measures. Future research should incorporate be placed context course.