Integrating genetic and silvicultural strategies to minimize abiotic and biotic constraints in Brazilian eucalypt plantations

摘要: Abstract Organized forestry in Brazil began the late 1960s, stimulated by a government policy which subsidized afforestation programs from 1967 to 1989 develop an internationally-competitive wood-based industry, managed private sector. Currently, planted forests total about 6.9 million ha, 4.9 million ha is with eucalypt (around 25% of world plantation), 1.6 million pine, and 0.42 M ha other species. Roundwood consumption forest plantations totaled 170.1 million m 3 2011, plantation accounted for 80.6% this total. Most are short rotations (6–8 years) established regions water, nutritional frost stresses low high degrees. The mean annual increment 40 m  ha −1  year roundwood, ranging 25 60 m depending on level environmental stress. Improving natural resources use efficiency breeding matching genotypes sites using appropriate site management practices key challenge sustain or increase productivity. wide range species hybrids different climatic edaphic suitability associated easy propagation seeds cloning allow adaptation various tropical subtropical Brazil. possibility wood purposes has led large small enterprises establish multiple uses. desirable characteristics association accumulated knowledge silviculture encourage genus most plantations. important factors selective process genotype characteristics, productivity level, susceptibility pests diseases, drought tolerance, especially (frost free), tolerance (mostly without water deficit). In pronounced seasonality moderate long periods, planting hybrid predominates, propagated cloning. Under conditions, single seed. Clonal interspecific have been fundamental under stresses. Given rapid advances breeding, regarding stress resistance diseases pests, adoption clonal techniques, rapidly becoming obsolete replaced more productive ones after harvesting. Thus, replanting crops become common procedure second half 1990s This paper describes basic requirements integrating genetic silvicultural strategies minimize abiotic biotic constraints