摘要: Causal connections can be observed. We see events bringing about other whenever things interact with one another. Seeing that two are causally connected is nevertheless possible only relative to a rich background of causal knowledge. knowledge, however, rests partly on our apathetic observation generically identical situations. It mainly gained by active intervention into these situations and manipulation the processes in question. So knowledge causality achieved basis different kinds observations: 1) whether same sort as actual manifest invariant connection under circumstances well similar circumstances; 2) how consequences become which types individually subjected control intervention.