Phylogenetic Analysis of the Cuculidae (Aves, Cuculiformes) Using Behavioral and Ecological Characters

摘要: A cladistic analysis of 21 genera cuckoos (Aves, Cuculidae) using 28 behav- ioral and ecological characters produces one shortest-length tree (L = 80 steps, CI 0.52, RI 0.79, RC 0.42) that differs from traditional classifications the Cuculidae. My results suggest two cuculid subfamilies, terrestrial Neomorphinae Phaenicophaeinae, are polyphyletic. The obligate brood parasite Tapera (Neomorphinae) facultative Coccyzus (Phaenicophaeinae) removed otherwise nonparasitic sub- families placed among Old World parasites in Cuculinae. This suggests that: (1) parasitism arose only once Cuculidae rather than three times as pre- viously thought; (2) habitat use has evolved secondarily. placement implies immediate ancestor this genus was an parasite. Therefore, behavior represents a loss parasitism, development ancestor. In life, shares number life-history traits with support hypothesis. Based on my analysis, I propose changes to classification consistent opinions many early systematists, unpublished phylogeny based postcranial osteological characters. addition, findings Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoat- zin) is cuckoo most closely related communally breeding anis (Crotophaginae). Received 12 May 1994, accepted 27 January 1995.