Geographical variation in male calls and the effect on female response in little penguins

摘要: We investigated the variation in male advertising calls of two subspecies little penguins (Eudyptula minor and Eudyptula iredalei), which live different regions within New Zealand. found that call frequency both exhalation inhalation phrases differed between subspecies. Further, we conducted a reciprocal playback experiment to examine how females at geographical locations respond local non-local calls. Females tended approach towards their regional calls, indicating recognize might prefer Interestingly, E. iredalei responded vocally took longer time when approaching, while did not use any vocalization during selected shorter time. However, given our limited sample size, cannot exclude possibility these observed differences be due individual differences. Thus, further research is required evaluate whether mating signals female responses have diverged