All-optical electrophysiology in behaving animals

摘要: Abstract Technology for simultaneous control and readout of the membrane potential multiple neurons in behaving animals at high spatio-temporal resolution will have a impact on neuroscience research. Significant progress development Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators (GEVIs) now enables to optically record subthreshold spiking activity from ensembles cells animals. In some cases, GEVIs were also combined with optogenetic actuators enable ‘all-optical’ cellular resolution. Here I describe recent GEVI discuss various aspects necessary perform successful electrophysiology experiment behaving, head-fixed These include voltage indicators, actuators, strategies protein expression, optical hardware, image processing software. Furthermore, applications technology, highlighting its advantages over classic electrode-based techniques. argue that transformed ‘promising’ technology practical tool can be used tackle fundamental questions neuroscience.