作者: Douglas W. Soderdahl , Michael D. Fabrizio
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-954-7_5
关键词:
摘要: Upper tract transitional cell carcinoma is rare and historically has resulted in nephroureterectomy. Diagnosis treatment relied upon finding radiographic filling defects the collecting system. With advent of small caliber ureteroscopes, working instruments, lasers, nephron-sparing procedures are available to these patients. Additionally, technological advances can be used rapidly diagnose