Rare and very rare adverse effects of clozapine.

摘要: Clozapine (CLZ) is the drug of choice for treatment resistant schizophrenia; however, its suitable use limited by complex adverse effects' profile. The best-described effects in literature are represented agranulocytosis, myocarditis, sedation, weight gain, hypotension, and drooling; nevertheless, there other known that psychiatrists should readily recognize manage. This review covers "rare" "very rare" CLZ, which have been accurately described literature. An extensive search on basis predefined criteria was made using CLZ combination with as keywords electronic databases. Data show association between uncommon effects, including ischemic colitis, paralytic ileus, hematemesis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, priapism, urinary incontinence, pityriasis rosea, intertriginous erythema, pulmonary thromboembolism, pseudo-pheochromocytoma, periorbital edema, parotitis, influenced variables age, early diagnosis, previous/current pharmacological therapies. Some these although unpredictable, often manageable if promptly recognized treated. Others serious potentially life-threatening. However, an adequate knowledge drug, clinical vigilance, rapid intervention can drastically reduce morbidity mortality related to treatment.