Motor function of anorectum and pelvic floor musculature

摘要: The sections in this article are: 1 Autonomic Innervation 1.1 Lumbar Sympathetic Innervation to Colon, Rectum, and Internal Anal Sphincter 1.2 Sacral Parasympathetic Sphincter 1.3 Sacral Afferent Fibers 2 Somatic Skeletal Muscle of Pelvic Floor 2.1 Efferent Innervation 2.2 Afferent Innervation 3 Peptides 3.1 Vasoactive Intestinal-like Peptide 3.2 Enkephalins 3.3 Substance P-Like Peptide 3.4 Somatostatin-like Peptide 4 Motor Activity Rectum Sphincter 4.1 General Historical Considerations 4.2 Intraluminal Pressure Recordings 4.3 Electrical Sphincter 5 Motor Floor 5.1 Electromyography 5.2 Histochemical Studies 5.3 Force Measurements 6 Influence Intrinsic Gastrointestinal Nerves on Motor Sphincter 6.1 Cholinergic Neurons 6.2 Noncholinergic, Nonadrenergic Neurons 6.3 Rectoanal Reflexes 6.4 Vesicoanal Reflexes 7 Influence Lumbar Sphincter 7.1 Effect Electrical Stimulation Nerves 7.2 Effect Interruption Pathways Sphincter 8 Influence Sacral Autonomic Sphincter 8.1 Effect Nerves 8.2 Cholinergic Agonists 9 Influence Colon Rectum 9.1 Effect Nerves 9.2 Cholinergic Responses 9.3 Noncholinergic, Responses 10 Influence Somatic Floor 10.1 Somatic Reflexes 10.2 Supraspinal Pathways 10.3 Viscerosomatic Reflexes 10.4 Flexor Reflexes 11 Defecation 11.1 General Considerations 11.2 Visceral Fibers 11.3 Sacral Efferent Fibers 11.4 Relationship Between Eating Colonic Motility 12 Motor Dysfunction Anorectum, Floor Musculature 12.1 Muscle Dysfunction 12.2 Neurogenic Dysfunctions