Hunting, livelihoods and declining wildlife in the Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, North Myanmar.

摘要: The Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, North Myanmar and three contiguous protected areas, comprise some of the largest expanses natural forest remaining in region. Demand for wildlife products has resulted unsustainable exploitation commercially valuable species resulting local extirpation vulnerable species. Camera trap, track sign, questionnaire-based surveys were used to examine (a) targeted by hunters, (b) importance wild meat household consumption, (c) significance hunting as a livelihood activity resident villages. Certain highly preferred hunters either completely absent from hunt records (tiger, musk deer otter) or infrequently obtained during actual hunts (bear, pangolin). Species commonly occurring such muntjacs with low commercial value not hunters. Fifty eight percent respondents (n = 84) indicated trade, 27% listed subsistence use 14% human-wildlife conflict main reason 84). Average amount consumed per month is significantly higher season compared planting (paired t-test, P > 0.05). Throughout year, average fish was than livestock (Friedman test, < 0.0001). Hunting driven largely trade meat, while critical source food large number families could potentially be an important, indirect access families. Findings trends this study are useful helping design effective conservation strategies address globally prevalent problems declining populations dependent human communities. provides recommendations reduce illegal protect strengthening park management through enforcement, increasing opportunity costs poaching, establishing no-take zones research determine economic livelihoods.