Sustained releases of Spalangia endius Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) for the control of Musca domestica L. and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae).

摘要: When Spalangia endius Walker was released at a beef farm over period of 2Vi months for the control house flies {Musca domestica L.) and stable (Stomoxys calcitrans [L.]), they reduced fly population 84.3%. Although 100% parasitism obtained during this same time interval when similar releases were made swine farm, reduction limited to 37.5% due immigration from adjacent agricultural installa tions. Morgan co-workers (1975a, b; 1976; 1977) have shown that sustained can effectively populations Musca L. (house fly) Stomoxys (L.) (stable commercial poultry dairy installations. These studies resulted in requests throughout Western Hemisphere by owners large installations, such as feed lots, horse ranches, riding stables, game bird mink farms, information about feasibility using these parasites filth-breeding their particular type installation. it believed wasps would be effective, concluded prior making recommendations, should evaluated all types Therefore, summer 1976, evaluations initiated re leases an isolated non-isolated rearing installation determine if seek parasitize wild pupae farms. Materials Methods The first test conducted U.S. Department Agriculture Beef Cattle Research Station, Brooksville, Florida. area consisted 2 rows holding pens (2.4 x 9.1 m) separated 4.6 m central runway 1 Mention or proprietary product paper does not constitute en dorsement Agriculture. Received publication 13 April 1979. This content downloaded 207.46.13.158 on Wed, 16 Nov 2016 04:28:48 UTC All use subject http://about.jstor.org/terms 368 JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY with roof covering inner half each pen. part pen covered had concrete floor. Each interconnected gate so several could combined make one area. contained water trough, rack filled hay, bunker located daily dry rations. Initially only 4 being used confine animals: Two young calves held one, 3 form where 9 (2to 3-yr old) animals held. During 9th week test, 80 additional placed opposite side runway. Feed animal waste accumulated beneath near watering trough provided main site breeding. A second Branford, release floor (10.9 18.6 m), end which been shelter. divided into sections housed 150 various ages. Uneaten food washed emptied lagoon (ca. 0.045 ha) 15 away. Organic matter edges both source cultured method de scribed et al. (1978). In 96,000 parasitized stations research unit July 22, 1978, 240,000 5 30 through September 5. small cages 15.2 16.5 cm 0.3-cm hardware cloth sides solid wooden bases tops. An 8.9-cm diameter access opening top allowed maximum 48,000 introduced cage. Once introduced, sealed prevent predators preying emerging wasps. suspended line ca. 2.4 above ground directly bunkers. At installation, 19 20. One other edge lagoon. 45.7 metal tops bottoms screened sides. fourth body stockinette provide inside cages. mounted 0.6 0.6-m plat forms level, pedicle support platform coated Tack-Trap? reaching pupae. cover cage protection elements. flying pred VOLUME 53, NUMBER 369