The Gut and Its Microbiome as Related to Central Nervous System Functioning and Psychological Well-being: Introduction to the Special Issue of Psychosomatic Medicine.

摘要: Accumulating evidence indicates bidirectional associations between the brain and gut microbiome with both top-down bottom-up processes. This article describes new developments in brain-gut interactions as an introduction to a special issue of Psychosomatic Medicine, based on joint symposium American Society Gastroenterological Association. Literature review articles indicate that several psychiatric disorders are associated altered microbiota, whereas linking functional gastrointestinal dysbiosis has not been firmly established. The association obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus is still inconclusive, but suggests bariatric surgery may favorably alter microbial community structure. Consistent literature life adversity during childhood certain temperaments develop early particularly Prevotella species. Some studies reported this support hypothesis adversely influenced by reduced activation hippocampus autonomic nervous system dysregulation. for effects probiotics treatment Clostridium difficile colitis relatively well established, mental health psychophysiological stress reactivity either inconclusive or progress. To conceptualize interactions, holistic, systems-based perspective disease needed, integrating environmental ecology. More translational research needed examine physical prebiotics probiotics, well-phenotyped human populations sufficiently large sample sizes.