Gene patenting and licensing: the role of academic researchers and advocacy groups.

摘要: The subject of human gene patenting has received a great deal media attention, and many individuals professional societies (including the American College Medical Genetics) have voiced strong opinions against genes. A particular concern medical genetics community is impact on accessibility to high-quality genetic testing. There been significantly less attention public discussion licensing practices (e.g., exclusive versus nonexclusive) their role in promoting or limiting access Current US government policy strongly encourages universities commercialize inventions funded by federal grants (Bayh-Dole Act, 1980). Best Practice models for technology recently developed National Institutes Health Association University Technology Managers, encourage nonexclusive strategies except cases where this model will not lead successful commercialization. In case testing, CF gene) significant advantages encouraging multiple laboratories make test readily available, improvement, creating cost-competition. Individual investigators involved discovery, patient advocacy groups collaborating with academic investigators, opportunity influence diagnostic testing institutions follow Managers rights patents.