Ionospheric Electric Fields from Stratospheric Balloon‐Borne Probes

摘要: The balloon-borne, double Langmuir probe technique for measuring vector electric fields in the stratosphere has been used successfully since late 1960s. cost effectiveness, flexibility and relatively high time resolution of resulted stratospheric field measurements being to address a wide variety ionospheric magnetospheric problems. Indeed, continues hold certain advantages over other some types problems remains an important tool 1990s where it is by growing number groups. Experience gained from large flights, using modern electronics telemetry summarized here describe technique, provide examples its use, discuss limitations.