Radiation therapy for extrahepatic bile duct cancer: Current evidences and future perspectives

摘要: Extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EBDC) is a rare malignancy that involves neoplastic changes extending from both hepatic ducts to the common duct. The treatment of choice surgical resection, but predominant pattern initial failure locoregional recurrence. Accordingly, adjuvant radiotherapy has been administered after resection based on these rationales. At this time, there minimal evidence supporting radiotherapy, because have no phase III trials evaluating its benefit. Relatively small retrospective studies tried compare outcomes associated with EBDC treated or without radiotherapy. We aimed review investigating for resected EBDC. Because less than one-third cases are amenable curative at diagnosis, other modalities need be considered, including next aim was summarize reports definitive unresectable Patients advanced often experience biliary obstruction, which can lead jaundice and progress death. Biliary stent insertion an important palliative procedure, stents prone occlusion subsequent ingrowth Radiotherapy effective maintaining patency inserted stents. also reviewed benefit combined insertion. Lastly, we discuss existing gaps in management