作者: Robert A. Garrott , P.J. White , Matthew S. Becker , Claire N. Gower
DOI: 10.1016/S1936-7961(08)00224-8
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摘要: Theme The nonmigratory elk population in the Madison headwaters area of Yellowstone National Park appeared to be regulated near ecological carrying capacity by food limitation for at least three decades prior reestablishment wolves. Eight years post-wolf data indicated a substantial proportion wolf predation was additive and overwhelmed any potential demographically compensate. Thus, resulted 60–70% decrease abundance system transitioned from being bottom-up absence significant predator strong top-down due predation. However, it is uncertain if will ultimately regulate lower, alternate state or other factors influencing vulnerability interact result further decreases abundance. Fundamental this question role bison as an alternative prey We discuss regulatory processes predator–prey systems present conceptual models that provide contrasting predictions wolf-ungulate dynamics. also characterize various aspects may influence effects on preferred and, turn, stability instability multiple-prey systems. conclude evaluating support these we have collected predicting future trajectory herd.