Genetic Code: Introduction
作者： Kimitsuna Watanabe , Shin-ichi Yokobori
DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.A0000809.PUB2
关键词:
摘要: The genetic code establishes the relationship between all 64 possible arrangements of triplets (codons) four nucleotide bases contained in either DNA (A, T, G and C) or RNA U, 20 amino acids that are used to construct proteins via ‘translation’ system as well signals translation initiation termination. historical events from 1950s 1960s contributed deciphering led development field molecular biology. In 1960s, was established be ‘universal’ for living organisms. However, late 1970s, variations have been found various systems. Variations promote studies on origin evolution code. Key Concepts: Genetic is correlation triplet corresponding acid. Genetic consists codons sometimes ‘degenerate’. Central dogma states information flows unidirectionally protein an intermediary. A cell-free contains ribosome, S100 fraction, tRNA, acids, ATP, energy recycling a template. Termination codon UAG (amber codon), UAA (ochre codon) UGA (opal which no acid but instead cause synthesis terminate. Initiation AUG, initiates with formyl-methionine bacteria phage. Universal shows way assignment each 3 termination codons, common almost extant organisms – bacteria, yeasts, viruses, plants animals. Keywords: amino acids; DNA; nucleotide; codon; genes; universal
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