Active design of built environments for increasing levels of physical activity in adults: the ENABLE London natural experiment study

摘要: Background Low physical activity is widespread and poses a serious public health challenge both globally in the UK. The need to increase population levels of recognised current policy recommendations. There considerable interest whether or not built environment influences behaviours, particularly levels, but longitudinal evidence limited. Objectives effect moving into East Village (the former London 2012 Olympic Paralympic Games Athletes’ Village, repurposed on active design principles) adiposity, as well other health-related well-being outcomes among adults, was examined. Design Examining Neighbourhood Activities Built Environments (ENABLE London) study cohort based natural experiment. Setting London, Participants A 1278 adults (aged ≥ 16 years) 219 children seeking move social, intermediate market-rent accommodation were recruited 2013–15 followed up after 2 years. Intervention neighbourhood, purpose-built, mixed-use residential development specifically designed encourage healthy living by improving walkability access transport. Main outcome measure Change objectively measured daily steps from baseline follow-up. Methods environmental exposures associated with assessed using Geographic Information System-derived measures. Individual objective measures accelerometry, body mass index bioelectrical impedance (per cent fat mass) obtained, perceptions change crime quality environment. We examined changes adiposity multilevel models adjusting for sex, age group, ethnic housing sector (fixed effects) household (random effect), comparing those who moved (intervention group) did (control group). Effects (i.e. intermediate/affordable, market-rent) an modifier also Qualitative work carried out provide contextual information about perceived effects Village. Results total 877 (69%) years (mean 24 months, range 19–34 postponed 1 year owing delayed opening Village), whom 50% had Village; insufficient numbers be considered further. In only small, non-significant, mean (154 steps, 95% confidence interval –231 539 steps), more so (433 –175 1042 steps) than social sectors (although differences between statistically significant), despite sizeable improvements walkability, transport neighbourhood no appreciable time spent moderate vigorous sedentary time, percentage mass, either overall sector. findings indicated that, although participants enjoyed their new homes, certain features might actually serve reduce activity. Conclusions Despite strong large positive there weak that increased markers adiposity. Hence, its own may sufficient behaviours. Funding This project funded National Institute Health Research (NIHR) Public programme will published full Research; Vol. 8, No. 12. See NIHR Journals Library website further information. research supported grants Medical Council Prevention Initiative (MR/J000345/1).