Bootstrapping in EcosystemsInternal interactions largely determine productivity and stability in biological systems with strong positive feedback

摘要: ositive feedback is being increasingly recognized as an important component of tcosystem dynamics (DeAngelis et al. 1986, Gutierrez and Fey 1980, Pastor Post 1988). Within the constraints resource supply or other environmental factors, biological system characterized by strong positive among its components in many respects self-generating-its productivity stability determined largely through internal interactions. "The idea a system. . generating [itself] self-consistent loop explanation reminiscent story boy who fell into bog hauled himself out pulling on his own bootstraps, so. such modes [are called] 'bootstrapping' " (Davies 1983). A bootstrapping view, neither reductionist nor holistic basic orientation, can yield useful insights ecosystem processes, particularly they relate to resilience. Systems strong, interactions their be complex, productive, quite stable under conditions which are adapted, but when key linkages disrupted fragile subject threshold changes 1986). In this article we review recent Stable against normal disturbances, ecosystems based close, mutual may vulnerable foreign disturbances