Forbidden Transitions inβ-decay and Orbital Electron Capture and Spins of Nuclei

摘要: A general formula giving minimum lifetimes for forbidden $\ensuremath{\beta}$-transitions of arbitrary order orbital electron capture is derived. Exact Coulomb wave functions are used the electron. It shown that observed emission ${\mathrm{K}}^{40}$ requires Gamow-Teller selection rules. Combined with Konopinski-Uhlenbeck result only tensor and vector interactions compatible energy spectra $\ensuremath{\beta}$-rays from ${\mathrm{Na}}^{24}$, ${\mathrm{P}}^{32}$, RaE, it follows interaction alone can explain both $\ensuremath{\beta}$-transitions. The application to other long-lived $\ensuremath{\beta}$-emitters, ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$, ${\mathrm{Lu}}^{176}$, ${\mathrm{Be}}^{10}$, ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$, existing data on capture, leads certain spin parity predictions about parent product nuclei\char22{}e.g., neither ${\mathrm{Be}}^{10}$ nor ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$ have a greater than $3\ensuremath{\hbar}$, 2-Mev $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray associated $K$-electron an excited state ${\mathrm{A}}^{40}$ having even parity, etc. stability known neighboring isobars conditions under which $L$-electron becomes more probable also discussed.