Cytokines and Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: Key Modulators of Immune Responses

摘要: This chapter discusses the fundamental role of phagocytes, with specific emphasis on macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), as potent cytokine producers responders, establishing them primary effector well regulators innate adaptive immune responses. It draws attention to T-cell-derived cytokines produced during Th1 Th2 responses, IFN-γ IL-4/IL-13, respectively, their in modulating macrophage DC function. The also cellular molecular mechanisms that enable DCs express complex patterns response pathogens, which are key mounting effective downstream induced by engagement PRRs is often referred “innate” activation contrast “classical” “alternative” cytokines. IL-4 IL-13 induce intracellular enzymes implicated cell recruitment granuloma formation. Therefore, distinctive phenotype Th2-type IL-13, alternatively activated macrophages, plays an important dampening classical cell-mediated responses while reprogramming toward appropriate type promotes efficient eradication extracellular pathogens. Recognition microorganisms or products initiates signaling pathways these determine pattern subsequent response, critical for pathogens minimum damage host.