作者: Enzo Pranzini , Lilian Wetzel , Allan T. Williams
DOI: 10.1007/S11852-015-0399-3
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摘要: The wide variety of physical, political, economic and cultural attributes along European coasts has led to different national management approaches coastal protection. In all countries, this became problematic when the coast underwent anthropogenic impact acquired relevant value for uses, such as, transport, military, tourism or conservation. However, common ground technology developed according each country’s political traditions, technical restrictions viability. This paper outlines major aspects erosion defence in Europe discusses large spectrum shore protection strategies used. It depicts current scene 25 points trends challenges faced by managers, land owners users coasts, as embraces both engineering well socio-economic aspects.