Ecosystem services from forest and farmland: Present and past access separates beneficiaries in rural Ethiopia

摘要: Abstract Ecosystem services are essential to human well-being. Different mechanisms modify people’s access the benefits from ecosystem services, but who which and underlying factors that shape such variability, often remain unclear. To address this, we surveyed current past service flows forest farmland into rural Ethiopian households. After disaggregating beneficiary groups, explored impeded or facilitated their access. We found five groups of beneficiaries received varying degrees farmland. Important barriers were economic problems shortage land, particularly for worse-off households, wildlife damage labour shortage. Over time, those directly benefiting well-being (e.g. food, energy) perceived have declined, especially groups. In contrast, emerging market-oriented with indirect (such as cash crops) increased, so better-off capitalised on market opportunities agricultural intensification. Forest cover loss protection caused decreased across Identifying group-specific trajectories, removing economic, land- labour-related barriers, addressing environmental challenges, important facilitate equitable sharing ecosystems.