On the Emergence of Memory in Historical Discourse

摘要: WELCOME TO THE MEMORY INDUSTRY. In the grand scheme ofthings, memory industry ranges from museum trade to legal battles over repressed and on market for academic books articles that invoke as key word. Our scholarly fascination with things memorable is quite new. As Jeffrey K. Olick Joyce Robbins have noted, "collective memory" emerged an object of inquiry only in early twentieth century, contemporaneous so-called crisis historicism. Hugo von Hofmannsthal used phrase 1902, 1925 Maurice Halbwachs's The Social Frameworks Memory argued, against Henri Bergson Sigmund Freud, a specifically social phenomenon. But outside experimental psychology clinical psychoanalysis, few academics paid much attention until great swell popular interest autobiographical literature, family genealogy, museums marked seventies. 1 boom began 1980s two literary events: Yosef Yerushalmi's Zakhor: jewish History (1982) Pierre Nora's "Between History," introduction anthology, Lieux de me'moire (1984). Each these texts identified primitive or sacred form opposed modern historical consciousness. For Yerushalmi, Jews were archetypal people who had adopted history recently then part, "modern Jewish historiography can never replace eroded group memory." Nora, was archaic mode being been devastated by rationalization: "We speak so because there little it left." Despite perhaps their elegiac tone accounts antihistorical discourse, works found amazing popularity quickly joined others. 1989 translation influential essay special issue this journal founding Memory, based Tel Aviv Los Angeles, showed crystallization self-conscious discourse. A decade later literature brims such titles "Sites Memory" "Cultural "The Politics Memory. "2 emergence word marks dramatic change linguistic practice. We might be tempted imagine increasing use memor natural result increased ways folk cultures