Do nudgers need budging? A comparative analysis of European smart meter implementation

摘要: Abstract Nudging is seen to complement or replace existing policy tools by altering people's choice architectures towards behaviors that align with government aims, but has fallen short in meeting those targets. Crucially, governments do not nudge citizens directly, need private agents their consumers. Based on this notion, the paper takes an institutional approach nudging. Rather than looking at relationship between nudger and nudgee, research analyses regulatory market structures affect implementation actors, captured ‘budge’ idea. Focusing European energy domain, contextual factors of green nudges are initiated Member States, implemented companies. The findings show smart meter context, there measures meters a central role ‘budge’, due dependence agents.