Field and satellite observations of the formation and distribution of Arctic atmospheric bromine above a rejuvenated sea ice cover

摘要: [1] Recent drastic reduction of the older perennial sea ice in Arctic Ocean has resulted a vast expansion younger and saltier seasonal ice. This increase salinity overall cover could impact tropospheric chemical processes. Springtime extent 2008 2009 broke half-century record minimum 2007 by about one million km2. In both years was dominant across Beaufort Sea extending to Amundsen Gulf, where significant field satellite observations ice, temperature, atmospheric chemicals have been made. Measurements at site Canadian Coast Guard Ship breaker Gulf showed events increased bromine monoxide (BrO), coupled with decreases ozone (O3) gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), during cold periods March 2008. The timing main event BrO, O3, GEM changes found be consistent BrO observed satellites over an extensive area around site. Furthermore, sensors detected doubling vortex associated spiral rising air pattern. spring 2009, excessive widespread explosions occurred same region while regional temperature low significantly reduced compared case Using together Rising-Air-Parcel model, we discover topographic control on distribution such that Alaskan North Slope Shield were exposed elevated whereas surrounding mountains isolated interior from intrusion.