Origin and recent expansion of an endogenous gammaretroviral lineage in domestic and wild canids

摘要: Vertebrate genomes contain a record of retroviruses that invaded the germlines ancestral hosts and are passed to offspring as endogenous (ERVs). ERVs can impact host function since they necessary sequences for expression within host. Dogs an important system study disease evolution, yet no substantiated reports infectious in dogs exist. Here, we utilized Illumina whole genome sequence data assess origin evolution recently active gammaretroviral lineage domestic wild canids. We identified numerous integrated loci canid-specific ERV-Fc sublineage Canis, including 58 insertions were absent from reference assembly. Insertions found throughout dog near gene models. By comparison orthologous occupied sites, characterized element prevalence across 332 all nine extant canid species, revealing evolutionary patterns segregation among species well subpopulations. Sequence analysis revealed common disruptive mutations, suggesting predominant form spread by trans complementation defective proviruses. activity included multiple circulating variants infected ancestors last 20 million 1.6 years, with recent bursts germline invasion leading wolves dogs.