Sobrevivir en la frontera de la guerra santa: expansión política, cruzadas, explotación ambiental y el asentamiento medieval de colonización de Biała Góra, norte de Polonia

摘要: Titulo: Sobrevivir en la frontera de guerra santa: expansion politica, cruzadas, explotacion ambiental y el asentamiento medieval colonizacion Biala Gora, norte Polonia Title:  Survival at the Frontier of Holy War: Political Expansion, Crusading, Environmental Exploitation and Medieval Colonizing Settlement North Poland  [ES]  Resumen:  Entre los siglos XI XIII, valle del Bajo Vistula represento una permeable cambiante entre Pomerelia (Pomerania Oriental), que habia sido incorporada al estado cristiano polaco a finales siglo X, territorios las tribus prusianas occidentales, quienes habian resistido intentos cristianizacion. La Pomerania comenzo perder fuelle decadas XII comienzos con mucha probabilidad resultas incursiones prusianas, comportaron abandono enclaves torno frontera. Posteriormente, Orden Teutonica sus aliados se embarcaron larga santa contra Prusia, finalizo conquista region su incorporacion teocratico hacia XIII. Esto vio acompanado segunda ola colonizacion, tuvo como consecuencia patron todavia visible dia hoy paisaje septentrional central. Sin embargo, no todas colonias fueron destruidas o abandonadas dos fases colonizacion. El enclave recientemente excavado situado lado occidental bosque Sztum, dominando rio Nogat, representa un ejemplo unico transicional incluia tanto pomeranas teutonicas. Dentro contexto mas amplio, objetivo este articulo es situar enclave, puede caracterizarse militarizada donde politica economica combino ideologia cristiana actividad misionera desde durante buena parte presente trabajo considera colonos aprovisionaron alimentaron comparacion otros misma region, Gora conectarse preliminarmente documentado pero mismo tiempo perdido puesto fronterizo esta volatil area limitrofe. Palabras clave:  arqueologia medieval, Polonia, Pomerania, Teutonica, paisaje, arqueologia ambiental, [EN]  Abstract:  Between eleventh thirteenth centuries AD, Lower valley represented shifting frontier between (eastern Pomerania), which had been incorporated into Polish Christian state by end tenth century, territories western Prussian tribes, who resisted attempts Christianization. Pomeranian colonization eventually began to falter in latter decades twelfth early centuries, most likely as result incursions, saw abandonment sites across borderland. Subsequently, Teutonic Order its allies led protracted holy war against resulted conquest incorporation theocratic century. This was accompanied second wave colonization, settlement pattern that is still landscape north-central Poland today. However, not all colonies were destroyed or abandoned two phases colonization. The recently excavated site situated on side Forest Sztum overlooking River represents unique example transitional included both phases. aim this paper situate within broader context can be characterized militarized frontier, where, from later century throughout much political economic combined with ideology missionary activity. considers how colonists provisioned sustained themselves comparison other may tentatively linked documented but otherwise lost outpost volatile borderland.  Keywords: archaeology, Poland, crusades, order, landscape, environmental