Probing How Counterion Structure and Dynamics Determine Polyelectrolyte Solutions Using EPR Spectroscopy

摘要: In this review article, we describe how methods of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy were used to investigate polyion–counterion interactions in polyelectrolyte solutions. This subject is usually treated experimentally by light, X-ray, or neutron scattering techniques. It shown that a large arsenal EPR spectroscopic methods–from various sophisticated line shape analysis continuous-wave EPR, via spin echo envelope modulation, nanoscale distance measurements through double electron–electron high-field pulse EPR–can be characterize the intrinsically complicated structures formed We show even polymer physical models such as scaling relations can tested way. The distinguishing feature with respect numerous studies area techniques are local methods, and employing spin-carrying (i.e., EPR-active) probe ions, it possible examine polyelectrolytes from counterions’ point view.