Profile of guanfacine extended release and its potential in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

摘要: The α2-adrenergic receptor agonist guanfacine, in its extended-release formulation (GXR), is the most recent nonstimulant medication approved several countries for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as monotherapy and adjunctive pharmacotherapy to stimulants children adolescents. present paper aims review comprehensively critically pharmacodynamic pharmacokinetic characteristics published evidence on efficacy safety profile GXR ADHD. A comprehensive search relevant databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo) was conducted identify studies peer-reviewed journals until January 15, 2015. Though precise mechanism action guanfacine ADHD not fully understood, it thought act directly by enhancing noradrenaline functioning via α2A-adrenoceptors prefrontal cortex. Weight-adjusted doses should be used, with a dosing regime milligram per kilogram basis, starting at range 0.05-0.08 mg/kg/day, up 0.12 mg/kg/day. As evidenced short-term randomized controlled trials long-term open-label extension studies, has been shown effective Furthermore, also found therapy stimulant medications patients suboptimal responses stimulants. Many adverse reactions associated GXR, particularly sedation-related effects, were dose-related, transient, mild moderate severity, did interfere attention or overall efficacy. There are no reports serious cardiovascular events alone combination psychostimulants.