Strategies for autochthonous development: two initiatives in rural Oaxaca Mexico.

摘要: The attempts of 2 groups indigenous people to organize their communities in response development efforts reflect different approaches community participation. shared common goals strengthening inter and intra unity local culture emphasizing education. initiatives were motivated by concern for declining productivity lack credit an ineffectual marketing system repression insecurity land tenure threatened cultural environment. Environmental concerns as such important but not the critical concerns. Simple solutions ecological deterioration viable when longterm security livelihood maintenance adequate standard living question. demands social justice a ecodevelopment approach which was culturally sensitive right self-determination. These examples taking control lives shaping future challenging that has brought them advantages. One project San Juan Mixtepec evolved Oaxaca Mexico among who relied on rain fed subsistence agriculture livelihood. region is characterized one poorest Mexico; administration fragmented finance poor. "Top-down" decision-making highly centralized at regional federal government levels; regulations readily understood population. State-led programs had operated since 1970s without improvement conditions poor participation or resource management. highlands area led total erosion 25% with additional 20% advanced stages erosion; water scarce. small scale initiated improve farming techniques other much broader form activism within Union Indigenous Communities Northern Isthmus (UCIZONI) along trans-Mexico railway lines roads. Both cases used local-level knowledge gain political power over resources. Initiatives varied location-specific determined contexts. show management insufficient it exists natural