Neural Oscillations and Synchrony in Brain Dysfunction and Neuropsychiatric Disorders It's About Time

作者: Daniel H. Mathalon , Vikaas S. Sohal

DOI: 10.1001/JAMAPSYCHIATRY.2015.0483

关键词:

摘要: Neural oscillations are rhythmic fluctuations over time in the activity or excitability of single neurons, local neuronal populations "assemblies," and/or multiple regionally distributed assemblies. Synchronized among large numbers neurons evident electrocorticographic, electroencephalographic, magnetoencephalographic, and field potential recordings generally understood to depend on inhibition that paces assemblies excitatory produce alternating temporal windows reduced increased excitability. Synchronization neural is supported by extensive networks long-range feedforward feedback bidirectional connections between neurons. Here, we review some major methods measures used characterize oscillations, with a focus gamma oscillations. Distinctions drawn stimulus-independent recorded during resting states intervals task events, stimulus-induced locked but not phase stimuli, stimulus-evoked both stimuli. Synchrony recording sites, amplitudes phases different frequencies (cross-frequency coupling), described illustrated. Molecular mechanisms underlying also reviewed. Ultimately, understanding organization network activity, including interactions critical for elucidating brain dysfunction neuropsychiatric disorders.

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