An Analysis of the Value Added by Secondary Schools in England: Is the Value Added Indicator of Any Value?*

摘要: This paper argues that the value added score published for all publicly funded secondary schools in England is an unreliable indicator of school performance. A substantial proportion between-school variation accounted by factors outside school’s control. These include several pupil-related variables such as pupils on free meals, authorized absence rate and from ethnic minority backgrounds. The also related to characteristics admission policy its subject specialism. main recommendation this should not be used a performance indicator, but gain better understanding why varies between schools.