VARIATIONAL IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN POROUS SOLIDS: NEW CONCEPTS AND METHODS*

摘要: A recently developed variational principle of virtual dissipation along with a new approach to the thermodynamics open systems is applied coupled mass and heat transfer in porous solid containing fluid. General differential field equations are derived directly from principle. general energy flux theorem formu- lated. Vapor-liquid phase transition capillary condensation discussed. Field for nonequilibrium adsorption also obtained. Lagrangian generalized coordinates without use equations. They provide foundation finite-element methods as well many other techniques particularly suitable geothermal analysis. 1. Introduction. has been gener- alizing d'Alembert's nonlinear dissipative thermodynamic ( 11. This natural outgrowth earlier work providing variational-Lagrangian formulation linear (2). Application this pro- vides both continuous corresponding coordinates. The equa- tions thus obtained constitute powerful tool analysis very complex physical technological systems. formulated basic invariants system priori detailed knowledge contrast current procedures which derive principles particular each type problem. An important aspect its unified interdisciplinary nature, embodies complete synthesis between mechanics thermodynamics. illustrated by application thermorheology continua (3) covers large category phenomena. Another'innovation considerably enlarged technique development an entirely fundamental (4, 5, 61. concept "thermobaric potential" replaces Gibbs' chemical potential bypasses well-known difficulties associated it. Another essential introduced that entropy convection given precise definition. led results theory reactions 51. Along dissipation, these concepts were non-isothermal dynamics Newtonian non-Newtonian fluids (6).