Measurement and Modeling of the Spectral and Directional Reflection Properties of Lichen and Moss Canopies

摘要: Abstract Both spectral and directional reflection characteristics of terrestrial surfaces are interest for remote sensing applications. We report on detailed laboratory measurements the Cladina stellaris Flavocetraria nivalis lichens Racomitrium lanuginosum moss canopies carried out at European Goniometer facility Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy. we present bidirectional reflectance factor data in blue, green, red, near-infrared parts spectrum. The had enhanced backscatter visible spectrum was strongly backscattering near-infrared. successfully fitted low-dimensional parametric model Rahman, Pinty, Verstraete to our experimentally determined factors. By means cross-validation, assessed number randomly sampled points necessary guarantee reliable inversions. found that approximately 100 measurement were needed experimental data. Finally, applied bootstrap techniques show root-mean-square modeling error as low 5.7% chosen targets model. Our findings, combined with digital elevation models atmospheric radiative transfer models, may result detection from optical satellite complete dataset is available first author.