Current Perpendicular-to-Plane (CPP) Magnetoresistance (MR)

摘要: Measurements of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) in ferromagnetic/non-magnetic (F/N) multilayers with Current flow Perpendicular to the layer Planes (CPP-geometry) can give better access fundamental physics underlying GMR than measurements more usual In (CIP geometry). Because same measuring current passes through all layers, CPP-MR often be described by simpler equations that allow separation effects scattering within bulk F- and N-metals at F/N, N1/N2, F/S (S = superconductor) interfaces. We first describe parameters are used characterize CPP-MR, different techniques measure these parameters, types control two orientations magnetizations adjacent F-layers, anti-parallel (AP) parallel (P), permit isolation parameters. then detail what has been learned about F-metals, N-metals, Especially important interfaces spin-diffusion lengths F-metals F-alloys, which almost nothing was known advance. Lastly, we work toward devices studies magnetothermoelectric effects, before summarizing listing some items not yet understood.