摘要: Optical fiber communication provides data capacities that are unavailable from any other transmission means, and so it exerts a substantial influence on the information society (Hecht, 1999). cables have been installed in many environments—within buildings, under streets, suspended overhead pylons, across world's deepest oceans (Urquhart, 2004; Keiser, 2006; Lin, Halabi, 2003; Chesnoy, 2002). The networks they serve carry for end users, including domestic consumers, manufacturing, financial services, hospitals, educational establishments, government departments. history of subject is one record-breaking achievements, especially as measured by distance, total capacity, number customers served.
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