The Dual Role of Microglia in ALS: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.

摘要: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by non-cell autonomous motor neuron loss. While it generally believed that the onset takes place inside neurons, different cell types mediating neuroinflammatory processes are considered deeply involved in progression of disease. On these grounds, many treatments have been tested on ALS animals with aim inhibiting or reducing pro-inflammatory action microglia and astrocytes counteract Unfortunately, anti-inflammatory therapies only modestly successful. The non-univocal role played during stress injuries might explain this failure. Indeed, now well recognized that, ALS, displays phenotypes, from surveillant early stages, to activated states, M1 M2, expression respectively harmful protective genes later phases Consistently, inhibition microglial function seems be valid strategy if stages polarization taken into account, interfering reactivity specifically targeting pathways and/or potentiating trophic ones. In review, we will analyze features timing activation light M1/M2 phenotypes main mice models ALS. Moreover, also revise results obtained aimed unbalance ratio, shifting towards outcome.