Current concepts: Vater and other associations: Historical perspectives and modern interpretations

摘要: Associations are statistically related groups of anomalies, and the VATER association probably is best known example. The concept widely used, but there difficulties with both definition delineation. An historical review used to define implicit commonalities associations. These then develop a testable model which defines associations as derivatives nonspecific teratologic events acting on developmental fields. Findings depend timing, location, magnitude these events, reflect constraints. This clarifies nature provides guidelines for their study use.