Assessment of current water pollution loads in Europe: estimation of gridded loads for use in global water quality models

摘要: A methodology for estimating the loading of pollutants to water courses across all pan-Europe, an area reaching River Don in east and including some Mediterranean rim countries near North Africa is presented. Loadings come from point (domestic effluent, manufacturing discharge urban runoff) diffuse (scattered settlements land use) sources. The loads have been calculated on a countrywide basis using readily available data held by national international bodies. These are downscaled grid cells (5 × 5′) used model. paper illustrates general framework making these calculations biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) total dissolved solids (TDS), estimated periods representing 1990, 1995, 2000 2005 presented as maps. According model, 2005, annual BOD came mostly domestic effluent (3 Mt) sources (5 Mt, mainly attributed livestock). Manufacturing, runoff scattered contributed 0.33, 0.15 1.2 Mt, respectively. For TDS, were 65 Mt 28 Mt. Diffuse loadings (36 Mt) irrigated therefore showed different spatial pattern BOD. load TDS was 56 Mt. Scattered only 9.6 Mt pan-European load. Some limited comparison this study with those others large catchments has carried out.