Helicobacter pylori: A Beneficial Gastric Pathogen?

摘要: Since Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the first successful culture three decades ago, ongoing perspectives regarding relationship between bacterium and human health have changed radically (1, 2). Apart from tremendous studies performed during last years, there are still many debates unclear rationale for existence of such bacteria in stomach (3, 4). Basically, due to beneficiary effects H. colonization (regression child asthma other allergic disorders), it has been concluded that a common flora or at least harmless (5–10), Conversely, because causative role certain digestive diseases as duodenal ulcer gastric cancer, reports quite contradictory (11–13). A large number discussions led consensus presence (5, 11, 14, 15). Our knowledge about biology suggests highly adapted stay mucosa long time 16). Indeed, living lower surface mucosa, with no bacterial competition, provided novel place survive. Moreover, able multiply freely protective by mucosal layer. Thus, had an opportunity thrive over course tens thousands years co-evolution humans (17). Additionally, high frequency mutation genome also higher chances survival, natural selection helped them remain cause chronic infection (18). Determining whether beneficial detrimental challenging area research gastroenterology 19, 20). In this article, we aim elucidate various aspects persistent infection. H. pylori: Carried history It seems old recognized bacterium, which not clinically comparable new discovered infectious agents immunodeficiency virus (HIV). words, HIV was introduced hosts <50 years ago. Given period stomach, mutual benefits obliged both partners adapt themselves order establish stable symbiosis. It firmly established subverts innate immunity then modulates adaptive immune system (blocking activation B T cells) (21–23). As result, cagA vacA, main products, will inhibit cell proliferation, respectively. Accordingly, response silenced against digested microbes (24, 25). Undeniably, its harsh acidic condition, container every day. Possibly, regulation modulation arose after microbial exposure colonizing current understanding strategies used pathogen make lifelong colonization, disclosed maybe our ancestors having happened initially accident, but selection, made set adaptations, enabling survive epithelial cells. To everyone’s surprise, millions became strategic member microbiome (26). Undoubtedly, exaggeration say host following constant relationship, unique biological world. After evolved into adaptable obtaining all necessary features most pathogen.