The evolution of floral biology in basal angiosperms

摘要: In basal angiosperms (including ANITA grade, magnoliids, Choranthaceae, Ceratophyllaceae) almost all bisexual flowers are dichogamous (with male and female functions more or less separated in time), nearly 100 per cent of those protogynous function before function). Movements floral parts differential early abscission stamens the phase variously associated with protogyny. Evolution synchronous dichogamy based on day/night rhythm anthesis lasting 2 days is common. a few clades Magnoliales Laurales heterodichogamy has also evolved. Beetles, flies thrips major pollinators, various degrees specialization up to large beetles special some large-flowered Nymphaeaceae, Magnoliaceae, Annonaceae Aristolochiaceae. Unusual structural specializations involved biological adaptations (calyptras, inner staminodes, synandria food bodies, secretory structures tepals, staminodes). Numerous that common monocots eudicots absent angiosperms. Several families poorly known their biology.